MANUSCRIPTS & READERS

The life of the text

Follow manuscripts, commentators, imperial readings, translation and the language of the received text.

  1. STOP 1

    Mawangdui and the manuscript witnesses

    Compare the order and wording of the received and excavated texts.

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  2. STOP 2

    Fifteen historical readers

    Notice how a single chapter supports different traditions of interpretation.

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  3. STOP 3

    Three imperial readings

    Read political interpretation beside the actual commentary.

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  4. STOP 4

    Legge’s English translation

    Consider what nineteenth-century English makes visible and what it leaves difficult.

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  5. STOP 5

    The words of the received text

    Look at repetition and negation before returning to interpretation.

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